A typical water heater system operates by converting energy into heat and transferring that heat to water. It's done either through direct means in tankless systems or indirectly via a heating element in storage water heaters.

There are two main types of water heaters:

1). Tankless Water Heaters (On-Demand)

Tankless water heaters directly heat water without the use of a storage tank. When a hot water tap is turned on, cold water travels through a pipe into the unit, and either a gas burner or an electric element heats the water. This process ensures a constant supply of hot water, offering a more energy-efficient solution as the system heats water only when it's needed.

2). Storage Water Heaters

These water heaters involve heating water and storing it in a tank for later use. The heating element heats the water from the bottom of the tank, and the hot water rises to the top, ready to be distributed through the home's hot water lines. Although less efficient than tankless models, due to energy losses from standing water, they can provide a large volume of hot water that's readily available.

3). Pipes

Pipes will transport water from the original source to wherever it needs to go; a purification system, a holding tank, etc.

4) Water tank

The water pumping system will often include a water tank to store water that may be used when sunshine isn't available.

5). Pump controllers

The controllers regulate the water pump and allow it to be turned on and off. They can increase the life of the water pump by protecting it from electrical irregularities or motor damage if it keeps running when a water source runs dry. Controllers also maximize water delivery.